~おかげで
「一生懸命勉強したおかげで」 connects a cause with its result. The nuance depends on the pattern: neutral reason, thanks to, blame, or an unfortunate result.
彼は一生懸命勉強したおかげで、大学に合格した。
Thanks to studying hard, he passed the university entrance exam.
N2 Grammar guide · group 12 of 20
21 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group「一生懸命勉強したおかげで」 connects a cause with its result. The nuance depends on the pattern: neutral reason, thanks to, blame, or an unfortunate result.
彼は一生懸命勉強したおかげで、大学に合格した。
Thanks to studying hard, he passed the university entrance exam.
「彼が怠けるせいで」 connects a cause with its result. The nuance depends on the pattern: neutral reason, thanks to, blame, or an unfortunate result.
この仕事は彼が怠けるせいで、終わらない。
Because of his laziness, this work won't finish.
「顔からすると」 sets the standpoint, role, or standard used to judge the second clause.
顔からすると、彼は怒っている。
Judging from his face, he's angry.
「苦くないだけあって」 connects a reason with an expected impressive result: because A is true, B makes sense.
この薬は苦くないだけあって、子供でも飲める。
As expected since it's not bitter, even children can take this medicine.
「何度も失敗したにもかかわらず」 creates a concession: the second clause goes against what the first clause would normally lead you to expect.
彼は何度も失敗したにもかかわらず、成功した。
Despite many failures, he succeeded.
「どう考えても」 says the result stays the same no matter how strong the condition is.
この問題はどう考えても、誰にも解けない。
No matter how you think about it, no one can solve this problem.
「勉強となると」 introduces a change in situation and signals a new consideration or concern that arises from it. It often implies the speaker is thinking ahead.
彼は勉強となると、誰にも負けない。
When it comes to studying, he can't be beaten by anyone.
「入社して以来5年間」 fixes the time relationship between the two clauses: since, every time, while, the moment, or immediately.
彼は入社して以来5年間、一度も文句を言ったことがない。
In the 5 years since joining, he has never complained once.
「言うまでもなく」 is a sentence-level expression that frames the statement as a summary, honest comment, obvious fact, or shared information.
言うまでもなく、彼は優しい人だ。
Needless to say, he is a kind person.
~だらけ marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「だらけ」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 引っ越しの当日、部屋は段ボールだらけだった。
引っ越しの当日、部屋は段ボールだらけだった。
On moving day the room was full of cardboard boxes.
「客観的に見れば」 sets the standpoint, role, or standard used to judge the second clause.
客観的に見れば、彼は正直だ。
Objectively speaking, he is honest.
何があっても marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「何があっても」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 彼は何があっても、誰にも相談しない。
彼は何があっても、誰にも相談しない。
No matter what happens, he doesn't consult anyone.
「つけっぱなしにして」 expresses a strong negative vow or negative conjecture. For intention it means 'I will never do'; for conjecture it means 'probably will not'. It attaches to the verb dictionary form.
エアコンをつけっぱなしにして出かけてしまい、電気代が跳ね上がった。
I went out leaving the air conditioner on, and the electricity bill shot up.
~に当たって marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「に当たって」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 引っ越しに当たって、不要な家具を処分した。
引っ越しに当たって、不要な家具を処分した。
On the occasion of moving house, I got rid of the furniture I did not need.
~のもとで marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「指導のもとで」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 管理人の指導のもとで、ゴミの分別が徹底された。
管理人の指導のもとで、ゴミの分別が徹底された。
Under the guidance of the caretaker, waste sorting was carried out thoroughly.
~を問わず marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「昼夜を問わず」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 上の階の工事は昼夜を問わず、音がうるさい。
上の階の工事は昼夜を問わず、音がうるさい。
The construction upstairs is noisy regardless of day or night.
~てからでないと marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「読んでからでないと」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 契約書を読んでからでないと、印は押せません。
契約書を読んでからでないと、印は押せません。
Until I have read the contract, I cannot put my seal on it.
~向けに marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「学生向けに」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: この不動産屋は学生向けに、家賃の安い部屋を紹介している。
この不動産屋は学生向けに、家賃の安い部屋を紹介している。
This agency finds cheap rooms aimed at students.
~きり marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「会ったきりで」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 隣の人とは引っ越しの日に会ったきりで、その後は会っていない。
隣の人とは引っ越しの日に会ったきりで、その後は会っていない。
I met my neighbour only once on moving day and have not seen them since.
~に加えて marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「に加えて」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: この物件は家賃に加えて、管理費も毎月かかる。
この物件は家賃に加えて、管理費も毎月かかる。
For this flat, in addition to the rent, there is a maintenance fee every month.
~ものがある marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「味わい深いものがある」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: この古い家の造りには、味わい深いものがある。
この古い家の造りには、味わい深いものがある。
There is something deeply appealing about the construction of this old house.