～のみならず
「頭痛のみならず」 adds a second point beyond the first one: not only A, but also B. The second clause usually feels like an extra or stronger point.
この薬は頭痛のみならず、よく効く。
This medicine works well not only for headaches but also for fever.
N2 Grammar guide · group 11 of 20
JLPT N2 grammar, group 11
21 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group～でさえ
「専門家でさえ」 highlights an extreme or unexpected example to make a stronger point. If even this extreme case is true, then the general case is certainly true too.
この問題は専門家でさえ、私には解けない。
Even an expert can't solve this problem.
～ながらも
「真実を知っていながらも」 expresses a concession: despite A being true, B is also true, and the two are in tension. It is softer than のに and neutral in register.
彼は真実を知っていながらも、嘘をついた。
Despite knowing the truth, he lied.
～わりには
「高いわりには」 compares the actual result with another standard or expectation.
この店は高いわりには、サービスが悪い。
Considering it's expensive, the service is bad.
～だけに
「簡単なだけに」 emphasizes that the reason in the first clause makes the feeling or result in the second clause stronger.
この仕事は簡単なだけに、誰でもできる。
Precisely because it's simple, anyone can do this work.
～とたんに
「聞いたとたんに」 fixes the time relationship between the two clauses: since, every time, while, the moment, or immediately.
聞いたとたんに、準備を始めた。
The moment I heard it, I started preparing.
～て以来
「入社して以来10年間」 fixes the time relationship between the two clauses: since, every time, while, the moment, or immediately.
彼は入社して以来10年間、一度も遅刻したことがない。
In the 10 years since joining, he has never been late once.
～ようがない
～ようがない: the problem is so complex that there is literally no method to solve it. The impossibility stems from lack of means or approach.
こんなに複雑な問題は、解決しようがない。
Such a complicated problem is impossible to solve.
～ざるを得ない
「変えざるを得ない」 talks about whether something is possible in a formal written style. It usually follows the verb stem.
食材が足りないので、メニューを変えざるを得ない。
We are short of ingredients, so we have no choice but to change the menu.
～に応じて
～に応じて marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「季節に応じて」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: この店では季節に応じて、旬の食材を使っている。
この店では季節に応じて、旬の食材を使っている。
This restaurant uses seasonal ingredients according to the season.
～てはじめて
～てはじめて marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「作ってはじめて」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 自分で作ってはじめて、料理の大変さが分かった。
自分で作ってはじめて、料理の大変さが分かった。
Only after cooking it myself did I understand how hard it is.
～っぱなし
「つけっぱなしにして」 states that the second action is impossible without the first thing. The noun before it is essential; removing it makes the outcome impossible.
コンロの火をつけっぱなしにして出かけてしまった。
I went out leaving the stove burner on.
～がちだ
「外食になりがちだ」 says the result stays the same no matter how strong the condition is.
忙しいと、どうしても外食になりがちだ。
When I am busy, I tend to end up eating out.
～に限らず
～に限らず marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「に限らず」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 和食に限らず、出汁は料理の決め手になる。
和食に限らず、出汁は料理の決め手になる。
Not just in Japanese cuisine, stock is what decides the dish.
～も同然だ
～も同然だ marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「家庭料理も同然だ」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: この店の味は、家庭料理も同然だ。
この店の味は、家庭料理も同然だ。
The food at this place is practically home cooking.
～てたまらない
～てたまらない marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「食べたくてたまらない」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: お腹が空いて、何か食べたくてたまらない。
お腹が空いて、何か食べたくてたまらない。
I am so hungry that I am dying to eat something.
～ぬきで
～ぬきで marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「朝食ぬきで」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 毎朝朝食ぬきで出勤するのは、体によくない。
毎朝朝食ぬきで出勤するのは、体によくない。
Going to work without breakfast every morning is bad for your health.
～次第で
「味付け次第で」 has two main uses: (1) 'as soon as' — the moment the verb-masu action is completed, the second clause follows immediately; (2) 'depending on' — the outcome varies according to N.
味付け次第で、料理の印象は大きく変わる。
Depending on the seasoning, the impression of a dish changes completely.
～きれない
「食べきれない」 expresses what should be done because it is reasonable, moral, or expected. It attaches to the dictionary form of the verb.
量が多すぎて、一人では食べきれない。
There is too much, so on my own I cannot finish it all.
～ついでに
～ついでに marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「ついでに」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 買い物のついでに、夕飯の食材も買ってきた。
買い物のついでに、夕飯の食材も買ってきた。
While I was out shopping anyway, I also picked up ingredients for dinner.
～だらけ
～だらけ marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「皿だらけ」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: パーティーの後、台所は使った皿だらけになっていた。
パーティーの後、台所は使った皿だらけになっていた。
After the party the kitchen was full of used dishes.