～とあれば
～とあれば expresses willingness to do difficult things for a specific purpose. Shows strong determination. Often used with ため、名誉、国.
子供のためとあれば、どんな苦労もいとわない。
If it's for my children, I don't mind any hardship.
N1 Grammar guide · group 4 of 29
JLPT N1 grammar, group 4
13 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group～ものとして
～ものとして means 'assuming that.../on the assumption that...'. Used when making preparations based on an assumption.
彼は来るものとして、準備しておこう。
Let's prepare on the assumption that he is coming.
～というものではない
～というものではない means 'it doesn't mean that.../it's not the case that...'. Denies a general statement. Stronger than わけではない.
この仕事は誰にでもできるというものではない。
It doesn't mean that anyone can do this job.
～だけ～ても
～だけ～ても means 'no matter how much.../even if...'. Emphasizes that despite doing A to the fullest, B doesn't happen.
この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、効果はない。
No matter how much of this medicine you take, there is no effect.
この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、症状は戻ってくる。
No matter how much of this medicine you take, the symptoms come back.
～でありながら
～でありながら means 'despite being.../although...'. Formal. Used to contrast status/identity with unexpected behavior.
彼は学者でありながら、世間知らずだ。
Despite being a scholar, he is ignorant of the world.
彼は学者でありながら、研究を怠っている。
Despite being a scholar, he neglects his research.
彼は医者でありながら、診断を誤った。
Despite being a doctor, he made a misdiagnosis.
彼は医者でありながら、人の命を軽んじている。
Despite being a doctor, he takes human life lightly.
～でありながらも
～でありながらも is an emphatic form of でありながら. Means 'even though.../despite being...'. も adds emphasis to the contrast. Very formal.
彼は社長でありながらも、社員の意見を聞く。
Even though he is president, he listens to his employees' opinions.
彼は金持ちでありながらも、浪費しない。
Even though he is rich, he doesn't waste money.
～とはいえ
～とはいえ means 'although.../even so...'. Used to concede a point before stating a contrast. More formal than けど/けれど.
彼は貧しいとはいえ、他人に施しをする。
Although he is poor, he gives alms to others.
～であるにしては
～であるにしては means 'for someone who is.../considering that...'. Used when reality doesn't match what's expected from the status.
彼は医者であるにしては、病気への恐怖を隠せない。
For someone who is a doctor, he can't hide his fear of illness.
～をよそに
～をよそに: 'indifferent to / ignoring others' concern.' N + をよそに.
周囲の心配をよそに、彼は一人で危険な旅を続けた。
Ignoring the worry of those around him, he continued his dangerous journey alone.
～んばかりに
'As if about to / looking as though one might.' Classical negative ん. Vない stem+んばかりに. Literary.
ファンは興奮して飛び出さんばかりの勢いで駆け寄った。
The fans rushed over with a momentum as if about to burst forward with excitement.
～極まりない
'Extremely / in the extreme.' Na-adj+極まりない or Na-adj+極まる. Very formal, often negative nuance.
公共の場所でのその行動は非常識極まりない。
That behavior in a public place is extremely inconsiderate.
～にもほどがある
'There's a limit to [bad behavior / excessive degree].' Expresses exasperation that something has gone too far. N/V/Adj+にもほどがある.
うそをつくにもほどがあるにもほどがある。それは明らかな詐欺だ。
There's a limit to lying. That is clearly fraud.
～しかるべき
'Appropriate / proper / as it should be.' Used to describe what is proper or fitting given the situation. しかるべき+N, or しかるべきだ.
この契約書にはしかるべき修正を加える必要がある。
It is necessary to make appropriate amendments to this contract.