～あっての
～あっての emphasizes that A exists only thanks to B. B is the foundation for A. Noun + あっての + noun pattern.
この成功は皆さんの協力あってのものです。
This success exists only because of everyone's cooperation.
N1 Grammar guide · group 5 of 29
JLPT N1 grammar, group 5
15 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group～であれ
Nであれ means 'even if it's.../no matter who...'. Used to say something applies regardless of who/what. Very formal.
子供であれ、礼儀は教えるべきだ。
Even if it's a child, you should teach manners.
～ものの
～ものの means 'although.../even though...'. Formal written expression. Similar to けれども but more literary.
彼は知っているものの、知らないふりをしている。
Although he knows, he is pretending not to know.
～でありながら
～でありながら means 'despite being.../although...'. Formal. Contrasts status with unexpected behavior.
彼は金持ちでありながら、寄付をしない。
Despite being rich, he doesn't donate.
彼は金持ちでありながら、寄付しない。
Despite being rich, he doesn't donate.
彼は医者でありながら、患者を見捨てた。
Despite being a doctor, he abandoned the patient.
～にあたっては
～にあたっては means 'at the time of/when...'. Used for occasions, events, or starting something important. は adds contrast/emphasis.
この計画を実行に移すにあたっては、リスクを再確認すべきだ。
When it comes to putting this plan into action, we should reconfirm the risks.
～ない限り
～ない限り means 'unless.../as long as...not'. Used for conditions that must be met. More emphatic than なければ.
この薬は飲まない限り、後悔するだろう。
Unless you take this medicine, you will regret it.
～だけ～ても
～だけ～ても means 'no matter how much.../even if...'. Emphasizes that despite doing A to the fullest, B doesn't happen.
この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、効果が現れない。
No matter how much of this medicine you take, the effect won't appear.
この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、痛みは和らがない。
No matter how much of this medicine you take, the pain won't ease.
～に足る
～に足る means 'to be worth.../to be sufficient for...'. Very formal/literary. Often with 読むに足る、信じるに足る.
この本は読むに足る価値がある作品だ。
This is a work worth reading.
～でありながらも
～でありながらも is an emphatic form of でありながら. Means 'even though.../despite being...'. も adds emphasis to the contrast. Highlights attention to detail despite high status.
彼は社長でありながらも、社員の名前を全員覚えている。
Even though he is president, he remembers all the employees' names.
～ば～ほど
～ば～ほど means 'the more...the more...'. Shows proportional increase. Classic N1 pattern for expressing correlation.
この問題は考えれば考えるほど理解が深まる。
The more you think about this problem, the deeper your understanding becomes.
～をよそに
～をよそに: 'indifferent to / ignoring others' concern.' N + をよそに.
家族の反対をよそに、彼は海外移住を決意した。
Disregarding his family's opposition, he decided to emigrate abroad.
～んばかりに
'As if about to / looking as though one might.' Classical negative ん. Vない stem+んばかりに. Literary.
彼女は悲しみに崩れ落ちんばかりほど泣いていた。
She was crying as if she were about to crumble from sadness.
～極まりない
'Extremely / in the extreme.' Na-adj+極まりない or Na-adj+極まる. Very formal, often negative nuance.
その発言は差別的極まりないと批判を受けた。
That remark was criticized as being extremely discriminatory.
～手前
'Because of one's position/face/pride.' The speaker cannot act freely because of obligations from having declared or done something. N/Vた+手前.
大口を叩いた手前、失敗するわけにはいかない。
Because I boasted so much, I cannot afford to fail.
～しかるべき
'Appropriate / proper / as it should be.' Used to describe what is proper or fitting given the situation. しかるべき+N, or しかるべきだ.
社会問題に対してしかるべき政策が取られることが望まれる。
It is hoped that appropriate policies will be adopted for social issues.