～たびに
～たびに means 'every time/each time...'. Used with verbs in dictionary form or た形. Emphasizes repetition. More formal than ごとに.
彼は失敗するたびに、決して諦めなかった。
Every time he failed, he never gave up.
N1 Grammar guide · group 25 of 29
JLPT N1 grammar, group 25
14 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group～といえども
～といえども means 'even though/even if it is...'. Very formal. Concedes a fact while contrasting with unexpected result.
子供といえども、約束は守るべきだ。
Even though it's a child, promises should be kept.
～だけ～ても
～だけ～ても means 'no matter how much.../even if...'. Emphasizes that despite doing A to the fullest, B doesn't happen.
この問題は考えるだけ考えても、答えが出ない。
No matter how much I think about this problem, I can't find an answer.
～でありながらも
～でありながらも is an emphatic form of でありながら. Means 'even though.../despite being...'. も adds emphasis to the contrast. Very formal.
彼は社長でありながらも、威張らない。
Even though he is president, he doesn't act arrogant.
彼は金持ちでありながらも、寄付を欠かさない。
Even though he is rich, he never fails to donate.
彼は社長でありながらも、現場の声に耳を傾ける。
Even though he is president, he listens to voices from the field.
～だけに
～だけに means 'precisely because.../all the more because...'. Emphasizes that A is the reason for B. Used when the reason is obvious.
この仕事は危険なだけに、誰も近づかない。
Precisely because this job is dangerous, no one goes near it.
～ない限り
～ない限り means 'unless.../as long as...not'. Used for conditions that must be met. More emphatic than なければ.
この薬は飲まない限り、死ぬかもしれない。
Unless you take this medicine, you might die.
～とはいえ
～とはいえ means 'although.../even so...'. Used to concede a point before stating a contrast. More formal than けど/けれど.
彼は貧しいとはいえ、他人を助ける。
Although he is poor, he helps others.
彼は貧しいとはいえ、学ぶことを諦めない。
Although he is poor, he doesn't give up learning.
～ことは～が
～ことは～が means 'it is true that...but...'. Concedes a point before stating a drawback or contrast. Formal pattern.
この薬は効くことは効くが、値段が高い。
It is true that this medicine works, but it is expensive.
～たるがゆえに
～たるがゆえに means 'because of being.../due to being...'. Emphasizes that status/role is the reason. Very formal.
彼は天才たるがゆえに、孤立しやすい。
Because of being a genius, he tends to be isolated.
～を余儀なくされる
～を余儀なくされる means to be forced or compelled to do something due to circumstances beyond one's control. It attaches to a noun (action noun) + を.
台風の影響で、航空会社は全便の運休を余儀なくされた。
Due to the typhoon, the airline was forced to suspend all flights.
～たりとも
'Not even one [unit].' Always negative. Counter+たりとも+negative. Very formal/literary.
一日たりとも休まずに練習を積み、ついに代表に選ばれた。
Without taking even one day off, he finally was selected as a representative.
～ないまでも
'Even if not [fully], at least.' Acknowledges ideal not reached but affirms a lesser level. V/Adjない+まで+も.
流暢に話せないまでも、日常会話くらいはできるようになった。
Even if not fluent, I became able to handle at least everyday conversation.
～をものともせず
'Undaunted by / without being daunted by.' Shows the subject overcomes hardship fearlessly. N+をものともせず.
嵐をものともせず、漁師たちは海に出た。
Undaunted by the storm, the fishermen went out to sea.
～に即して
'In accordance with / based on.' Used for following rules, facts, reality, or principles. N+に即して/に即した.
実態に即して、政策を見直す必要性が指摘されている。
The need to review policies in accordance with the actual situation has been pointed out.