N1 Grammar guide · group 24 of 29

JLPT N1 grammar, group 24

13 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.

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~からには

~からには means 'now that.../since...'. Expresses obligation or natural consequence given the situation. Stronger than から. Often used for duty/responsibility.

  • 一度言ったからには、約束は守るべきだ。

    Now that you've said it once, you should keep your promise.

~はずがなければ

~はずがなければ means 'if it weren't supposed to be...'. Used in negative inference: if A weren't true, B wouldn't happen.

  • 彼は知らないはずがなければ、そんなことを言うわけがない。

    If he wasn't supposed to know, there's no way he would say such a thing.

~でありながら

~でありながら means 'despite being.../although...'. Formal. Used to contrast status/identity with unexpected behavior.

  • 彼は学者でありながら、世間のことを知らない。

    Despite being a scholar, he doesn't know about worldly matters.

  • 彼は学者でありながら、言葉遣いが悪い。

    Despite being a scholar, his language is bad.

  • 彼は学者でありながら、一般人の目線で話す。

    Despite being a scholar, he speaks from an ordinary person's perspective.

  • 彼は金持ちでありながら、贅沢を好まない。

    Despite being rich, he doesn't like luxury.

~であるばかりか

~であるばかりか means 'not only...but also...'. Emphatic version of だけでなく. Used to add surprising additional information.

  • 彼は天才であるばかりか、努力もする。

    He is not only a genius but also puts in effort.

  • 彼は天才であるばかりか、人格者でもある。

    He is not only a genius but also a man of character.

~に足る

~に足る means 'to be worth.../to be sufficient for...'. Very formal/literary. Often with 読むに足る、信じるに足る.

  • この本は読むに足る価値がある名著だ。

    This is a masterpiece worth reading.

~だけ~ても

~だけ~ても means 'no matter how much.../even if...'. Emphasizes that despite doing A to the fullest, B doesn't happen.

  • この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、病状は改善しない。

    No matter how much of this medicine you take, the condition won't improve.

~でありながらも

~でありながらも is an emphatic form of でありながら. Means 'even though.../despite being...'. も adds emphasis to the contrast.

  • 彼は金持ちでありながらも、募金活動をしている。

    Even though he is rich, he does fundraising activities.

~だからといって

~だからといって means 'just because...doesn't mean...'. Used to deny that A necessarily leads to B.

  • 彼は金持ちだからといって、信頼できるとは限らない。

    Just because he is rich, it doesn't necessarily mean he is trustworthy.

~かねない

~かねない attaches to the Vます stem and warns that an undesirable outcome might occur. More formal than かもしれない; implies a real risk the speaker perceives.

  • このままでは、プロジェクト全体が崩壊しかねない。

    At this rate, the entire project might collapse.

~たりとも

'Not even one [unit].' Always negative. Counter+たりとも+negative. Very formal/literary.

  • 一文字たりとも間違いがあってはならない正式な文書だ。

    Not even a single character error is acceptable in this formal document.

~ないまでも

'Even if not [fully], at least.' Acknowledges ideal not reached but affirms a lesser level. V/Adjない+まで+も.

  • 完璧に理解していないまでも、基本的な概念は押さえておく必要がある。

    Even without perfect understanding, the basic concepts must be grasped.

~をものともせず

'Undaunted by / without being daunted by.' Shows the subject overcomes hardship fearlessly. N+をものともせず.

  • 体の痛みをものともせず、彼女は最後まで演奏を続けた。

    Undaunted by physical pain, she continued playing until the end.

~に即して

'In accordance with / based on.' Used for following rules, facts, reality, or principles. N+に即して/に即した.

  • 規則に即して、全ての従業員が行動する必要がある。

    All employees need to act in accordance with the rules.