～かのように
「逃げるかのように」 shows that something happens as stated, as seen, or as if it were true.
彼は逃げるかのように、会社を辞めた。
He quit the company as if he was running away.
N2 Grammar guide · group 7 of 20
JLPT N2 grammar, group 7
22 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group～わりには
「安いわりには」 compares the actual result with another standard or expectation.
この店は安いわりには、美味しい。
Considering it's cheap, this restaurant is delicious.
どう～ても
「どう見ても」 says the result stays the same no matter how strong the condition is.
この仕事はどう見ても、私には無理だ。
No matter how you look at it, this work is impossible for me.
～かいあって
「努力のかいあって」 expresses that effort was rewarded: the hard work or endurance paid off. The clause before it describes the effort; the clause after it shows the positive result.
彼は努力のかいあって、成功した。
Thanks to his effort, he succeeded.
～限り
「見渡す限り」 limits the scope of the statement: as long as, to the extent of, or within the range of the first clause.
この部屋は見渡す限り、誰もいない。
As far as I can see, there's no one in this room.
～からすると
「顔からすると」 sets the standpoint, role, or standard used to judge the second clause.
顔からすると、彼は正直だ。
Judging from his face, he is honest.
言うまでもなく
「言うまでもなく」 is a sentence-level expression that frames the statement as a summary, honest comment, obvious fact, or shared information.
彼は言うまでもなく、約束を守る人だ。
Needless to say, he is a person who keeps promises.
言うまでもないが
「言うまでもないが」 is a sentence-level expression that frames the statement as a summary, honest comment, obvious fact, or shared information.
この問題は言うまでもないが、難しい。
Needless to say, this problem is difficult.
例外なく
例外なく marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「例外なく」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 彼は例外なく、遅刻した。
彼は例外なく、遅刻した。
Without exception, he was late.
それはそうとして
「それはそうとして」 sets the standpoint, role, or standard used to judge the second clause.
それはそうとして、文句を言うな。
Be that as it may, don't complain.
～ない限り
「指示通りに飲まない限り」 sets a necessary condition: unless that condition changes, the result in the second clause remains true.
この薬は指示通りに飲まない限り、効かない。
Unless you take it as directed, this medicine won't work.
何と言おうと
「他人が何と言おうと」 dismisses any possible objection or comment from others, asserting that the speaker's position remains firm regardless of what anyone says.
他人が何と言おうと、彼を信じる。
No matter what others say, I trust him.
～につき
「病気につき」 introduces the topic that the following action or statement is about.
病気につき、今日は休みます。
Due to illness, I will be absent today.
一言で言えば
「一言で言えば」 is a sentence-level expression that frames the statement as a summary, honest comment, obvious fact, or shared information.
この仕事は一言で言えば、大変だ。
In a word, this work is tough.
承知の上で
承知の上で marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「承知の上で」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 彼は承知の上で、嘘をついた。
彼は承知の上で、嘘をついた。
Knowing full well, he lied.
～なり
～なり marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「聞くなり」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 聞くなり、準備を始めた。
聞くなり、準備を始めた。
The moment I heard it, I started preparing.
～格好をしているが
～格好をしているが marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「医者の格好をしているが」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 彼は医者の格好をしているが、医者ではない。
彼は医者の格好をしているが、医者ではない。
Despite looking like a doctor, he is not a doctor.
この調子では
この調子では marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「この調子では」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: この調子では、合格は難しい。
この調子では、合格は難しい。
At this rate, passing is difficult.
～になれば
～になれば marks the key relationship between the two parts of the sentence. Here, 「本気になれば」 matches both the sentence meaning and the completed structure: 彼は本気になれば、誰にも負けない。
彼は本気になれば、誰にも負けない。
Once he gets serious, he can't be beaten by anyone.
～を通じて
～を通じて means 'through; via (an intermediary); throughout (a period)'. When used with a person or medium it means 'through the channel of'. Pattern: N + を通じて / を通して.
代理人を通じて、相手側との交渉が進められた。
Negotiations with the other party were conducted through an agent.
～次第で
「次第で」 has two main uses: (1) 'as soon as' — the moment the verb-masu action is completed, the second clause follows immediately; (2) 'depending on' — the outcome varies according to N.
旅の印象は、同行者次第で、大きく変わる。
The impression a trip leaves changes greatly depending on your travelling companion.
～に先立って
「に先立って」 marks an action done as preparation before a significant event. The noun before it is the main event; the clause after it is the preparatory step.
搭乗に先立って、係員が手荷物の確認を行った。
Prior to boarding, staff checked the hand luggage.