～であれ
Nであれ means 'even if it's.../no matter who/what...'. Used to show that something is true regardless of status. Very formal.
彼は天才であれ、誰にでも優しく接する。
Even though he is a genius, he treats everyone kindly.
N1 Grammar guide · group 22 of 29
JLPT N1 grammar, group 22
13 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group～だからといって
～だからといって means 'just because...doesn't mean...'. Used to deny that A necessarily leads to B. Often with わけではない、とは限らない.
彼は社長だからといって、威張ることはない。
Just because he is the president, it doesn't mean he acts arrogant.
彼は金持ちだからといって、幸福とは言えない。
Just because he is rich, you can't say he is happy.
～なくしては
～なくしては means 'without.../if not for...'. Formal written expression. Emphasizes that A is essential for B.
この仕事は彼なくしては、誰にもできない。
Without him, no one can do this job.
～でありながら
～でありながら means 'despite being.../although...'. Formal. Contrasts status with unexpected characteristic.
彼は金持ちでありながら、心は貧しい。
Despite being rich, his heart is poor.
彼は学者でありながら、政治にも精通している。
Despite being a scholar, he is also well-versed in politics.
彼は医者でありながら、患者の話を最後まで聞く。
Despite being a doctor, he listens to patients' stories to the end.
～であるにしては
～であるにしては means 'for someone who is.../considering that...'. Used when reality doesn't match what's expected from the status.
彼は医者であるにしては、簡単な病気を見落とした。
For someone who is a doctor, he overlooked a simple illness.
彼は医者であるにしては、手が震える。
For someone who is a doctor, his hands tremble.
～そうで...ない
～そうで...ない means 'contrary to appearance/although it seems...'. Expresses that reality differs from expectation.
この仕事は簡単そうで、ミスが許されない。
Although this job looks easy, mistakes are not allowed.
～とはいえ
～とはいえ means 'although.../even so...'. Used to concede a point before stating a contrast. More formal than けど/けれど.
彼は貧しいとはいえ、人に与える。
Although he is poor, he gives to others.
～でありながらも
～でありながらも is an emphatic form of でありながら. Means 'even though.../despite being...'. も adds emphasis to the contrast. Shows hands-on leadership despite high status.
彼は社長でありながらも、現場に出て汗を流す。
Even though he is president, he goes to the site and works up a sweat.
～かねない
～かねない attaches to the Vます stem and warns that an undesirable outcome might occur. More formal than かもしれない; implies a real risk the speaker perceives.
個人情報を不適切に扱えば、大きなトラブルを招きかねない。
Mishandling personal data might invite serious trouble.
～たりとも
'Not even one [unit].' Always negative. Counter+たりとも+negative. Very formal/literary.
一人たりとも欠けてはならない重要な任務だ。
Not even one person can be absent from this important mission.
～ほどのことはない
'No need to go so far as to / not serious enough to warrant.' V辞書形+ほどのことはない.
少し待っただけで、そんなに怒鳴るほどのことはないではないか。
After just a short wait, there's no need to shout like that, is there?
～をものともせず
'Undaunted by / without being daunted by.' Shows the subject overcomes hardship fearlessly. N+をものともせず.
猛暑をものともせず、農家の人々は畑仕事を続けた。
Undaunted by the scorching heat, the farmers continued their fieldwork.
～に即して
'In accordance with / based on.' Used for following rules, facts, reality, or principles. N+に即して/に即した.
現実に即して、計画を修正する必要がある。
It is necessary to revise the plan in accordance with reality.