～にわたって
～にわたって indicates something continues over a period/range. More formal than 間. Used with time, space, or scope.
会議は3時間にわたって続いた。
The meeting lasted for a full 3 hours.
N1 Grammar guide · group 9 of 29
JLPT N1 grammar, group 9
15 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this groupAであれBであれ
AであれBであれ means 'whether A or B'. Used for two contrasting options. Formal equivalent of でも～でも.
彼の話は本当であれ、信じられない。
Whether his story is true or not, I can't believe it.
～であるばかりか
～であるばかりか means 'not only...but also...'. Emphatic version of だけでなく. Used to add surprising additional information.
彼は天才であるばかりか、努力もしている。
He is not only a genius but also puts in effort.
～にもかかわらず
～にもかかわらず means 'despite/in spite of...'. Very formal. Connects contrasting facts. Follows noun/na-adj + である or verb plain form.
彼は病気にもかかわらず、無理をして働いている。
Despite being sick, he is overworking himself.
～でありながらも
～でありながらも is an emphatic form of でありながら. Means 'even though.../despite being...'. も adds emphasis to the contrast. Very formal.
彼は医者でありながらも、病気の原因が分からなかった。
Even though he is a doctor, he couldn't figure out the cause of the illness.
～だけに
～だけに means 'precisely because.../all the more because...'. Emphasizes that A is the reason for B. Used when the reason is obvious.
この仕事は危険なだけに、やりがいがある。
Precisely because this job is dangerous, it is rewarding.
この仕事は危険なだけに、やる気が出る。
Precisely because this job is dangerous, I feel motivated.
～だからといって
～だからといって means 'just because...doesn't mean...'. Used to deny that A necessarily leads to B.
彼は金持ちだからといって、信頼できるとは言えない。
Just because he is rich, you can't say he is trustworthy.
～だけ～ても
～だけ～ても means 'no matter how much.../even if...'. Emphasizes that despite doing A to the fullest, B doesn't happen.
この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、効かない。
No matter how much of this medicine you take, it won't work.
～でありながら
～でありながら means 'despite being.../although...'. Formal. Contrasts status with unexpected characteristic.
彼は金持ちでありながら、人間性に欠ける。
Despite being rich, he lacks humanity.
彼は医者でありながら、患者の痛みを理解できない。
Despite being a doctor, he cannot understand patients' pain.
～であるにしては
～であるにしては means 'for someone who is.../considering that...'. Used when reality doesn't match what's expected from the status.
彼は医者であるにしては、説明が下手だ。
For someone who is a doctor, he is bad at explaining.
～とはいえ
～とはいえ means 'although.../even so...'. Used to concede a point before stating a contrast. More formal than けど/けれど.
彼は貧しいとはいえ、尊厳を失わない。
Although he is poor, he doesn't lose his dignity.
～をよそに
～をよそに: 'indifferent to / ignoring others' concern.' N + をよそに.
医師の忠告をよそに、患者は無謀な登山を敢行した。
Ignoring the doctor's advice, the patient attempted a reckless mountain climb.
～が早いか
'No sooner had A happened than B immediately followed.' V辞書形+が早いか. Very literary/formal.
彼は席に着くが早いか、すぐに書き始めた。
No sooner did he take his seat than he started writing.
～極まりない
'Extremely / in the extreme.' Na-adj+極まりない or Na-adj+極まる. Very formal, often negative nuance.
混雑した電車内で大声を出すとは迷惑極まりないだ。
Shouting loudly on a crowded train is extremely annoying.
～手前
'Because of one's position/face/pride.' The speaker cannot act freely because of obligations from having declared or done something. N/Vた+手前.
お客様の手前、多少無理をしてでも要望に応える必要がある。
Because of the customer's presence, I need to meet their request even with some strain.