N1 Grammar guide · group 29 of 29

JLPT N1 grammar, group 29

15 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.

～のみならず

～のみならず means 'not only...but also...'. Very formal written form. Emphasizes addition of something equally or more important.

彼女は歌手のみならず女優としても活躍している。
She is active not only as a singer but also as an actress.

Aと否とにかかわらず means 'regardless of whether A or not'. Extremely formal written expression for 'whether or not'.

この規則は守ると否とにかかわらず、守らなくてもいい。
Regardless of whether you follow this rule or not, it's fine either way.

～たるがゆえに means 'because of being.../due to being...'. Emphasizes that status/role is the reason. Very formal.

彼は天才たるがゆえに、凡人には理解できない。
Because of being a genius, ordinary people can't understand him.

～であるばかりか means 'not only...but also...'. Emphatic version of だけでなく. Used to add surprising additional information.

～でありながらも is an emphatic form of でありながら. Means 'even though.../despite being...'. も adds emphasis to the contrast.

彼は金持ちでありながらも、募金をしない。
Even though he is rich, he doesn't make donations.
彼は社長でありながらも、最後まで会議に残って掃除を手伝った。
Even though he is president, he stayed until the end of the meeting and helped clean up.

～だけ～ても means 'no matter how much.../even if...'. Emphasizes that despite doing A to the fullest, B doesn't happen.

この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、効果は期待できない。
No matter how much of this medicine you take, you can't expect effects.
この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、効き目はない。
No matter how much of this medicine you take, there is no effect.

～にあたっては means 'at the time of/when...'. Used for occasions, events, or starting something important. は adds contrast/emphasis.

新制度の導入にあたっては、全社員への説明会を開いた。
When it comes to introducing the new system, we held a briefing for all employees.

～だけに means 'precisely because.../all the more because...'. Emphasizes that A is the reason for B. Used when the reason is obvious.

この仕事は危険なだけに、使命感が生まれる。
Precisely because this job is dangerous, a sense of mission arises.

～そうで...ない means 'contrary to appearance/although it seems...'. Expresses that reality differs from expectation.

～でありながら means 'despite being.../although...'. Formal. Used to contrast status/identity with unexpected practical knowledge.

彼は学者でありながら、実務にも詳しい。
Despite being a scholar, he is also knowledgeable about practical work.

～を余儀なくされる means to be forced or compelled to do something due to circumstances beyond one's control. It attaches to a noun (action noun) + を.

部品不足のため、メーカーは生産量の大幅削減を余儀なくされた。
Due to parts shortages, the manufacturer was forced to drastically cut production.

'As if about to / looking as though one might.' Classical negative ん. Vない stem+んばかりに. Literary.

子供たちは喜びに踊り出さんばかりに騒いでいた。
The children were making a commotion as if about to burst into dancing with joy.

'Even if not [fully], at least.' Acknowledges ideal not reached but affirms a lesser level. V/Adjない+まで+も.

大成功を収めていないまでも、着実に成果を積み重ねてきた。
Even without achieving great success, I have steadily accumulated results.

'There's a limit to [bad behavior / excessive degree].' Expresses exasperation that something has gone too far. N/V/Adj+にもほどがある.

食べ過ぎるにもほどがある。体のことを少し考えてほしい。
There's a limit to overeating. I want you to think a little about your body.

'Appropriate / proper / as it should be.' Used to describe what is proper or fitting given the situation. しかるべき+N, or しかるべきだ.

この問題はしかるべき機関に相談すべきだ。
This matter should be discussed with the appropriate institution.