～はずだ
～はずだ expresses strong expectation based on reason. More certain than だろう. Used when logic suggests it should happen.
この薬を飲めば、痛みはおさまるはずだ。
If you take this medicine, the pain should subside.
N1 Grammar guide · group 15 of 29
JLPT N1 grammar, group 15
15 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group～わけがなければ
～わけがなければ means 'if it weren't the case that...'. Used in negative inference: 'There's no way he would say that unless...'
彼は知らないわけがなければ、そんなことを言うはずがない。
If he didn't know, there's no way he would say such a thing.
～でありながらも
～でありながらも is an emphatic form of でありながら. Means 'even though.../despite being...'. も adds emphasis to the contrast. Very formal.
彼は医者でありながらも、人を助けることができない。
Even though he is a doctor, he can't help people.
彼は社長でありながらも、新人と一緒に残業する。
Even though he is president, he works overtime with new employees.
～であるにしては
～であるにしては means 'for someone who is.../considering that...'. Used when reality doesn't match what's expected from the status.
彼は医者であるにしては、患者を救えなかった。
For someone who is a doctor, he couldn't save the patient.
～ば～ほど
～ば～ほど means 'the more...the more...'. Shows proportional increase. Classic N1 pattern for expressing correlation.
この問題は考えれば考えるほど複雑になる。
The more you think about this problem, the more complex it becomes.
～とはいえ
～とはいえ means 'although.../even so...'. Used to concede a point before stating a contrast. More formal than けど/けれど.
彼は貧しいとはいえ、満足している。
Although he is poor, he is satisfied.
～ない限り
～ない限り means 'unless.../as long as...not'. Used for conditions that must be met. More emphatic than なければ.
この薬は飲まない限り、命に関わる。
Unless you take this medicine, it will be life-threatening.
～だけ～ても
～だけ～ても means 'no matter how much.../even if...'. Emphasizes that despite doing A to the fullest, B doesn't happen or B still happens.
この薬は飲むだけ飲んでも、副作用は避けられない。
No matter how much of this medicine you take, side effects can't be avoided.
～に足る
～に足る means 'to be worth.../to be sufficient for...'. Very formal/literary. Often with 読むに足る、信じるに足る.
この本は読むに足る価値がある良書だ。
This is a good book worth reading.
～でありながら
～でありながら means 'despite being.../although...'. Formal. Used to contrast status/identity with unexpected deficiency in expected skill.
彼は医者でありながら、患者を励ます言葉がない。
Despite being a doctor, he has no words to encourage patients.
彼は医者でありながら、患者の心に寄り添い続ける。
Despite being a doctor, he continues to stay close to patients' hearts.
～であるばかりか
～であるばかりか means 'not only...but also...'. Emphatic version of だけでなく. Used to add surprising additional information.
彼は天才であるばかりか、謙虚な学習者でもある。
He is not only a genius but also a humble learner.
～てからというもの
'Ever since doing X, things have changed noticeably.' Vて+からというもの.
その本を読みてからというもの、毎週図書館に通うようになった。
Ever since reading that book, I started going to the library every week.
～ほどのことはない
'No need to go so far as to / not serious enough to warrant.' V辞書形+ほどのことはない.
ちょっとしたミスで、そこまで落ち込むほどのことはない。
Over a small mistake, there's no need to be so depressed.
～ならいざ知らず
'If it were X that'd be one thing, but Y is another matter.' Contrasts an acceptable case with an unacceptable one. N/plain form+ならいざ知らず.
学生ならいざ知らず、社会人がそんな常識知らずでは困る。
If a student that'd be acceptable, but a working adult being so unaware of common sense is troubling.
～一方だ
'Continues to only [do/become]; an unbroken trend in one direction.' V辞書形+一方だ.
環境汚染が悪化する一方だ、生態系への影響が懸念されている。
Environmental pollution continues to worsen and impacts on ecosystems are concerning.