～を禁じえない
～を禁じえない expresses that a certain emotion inevitably arises. Used with negative emotions in formal writing. Attaches to noun+を.
彼の突然の死に、悲しみを禁じえない。
I cannot help but feel sadness at his sudden death.
N1 Grammar guide · group 1 of 29
JLPT N1 grammar, group 1
17 grammar points, each with what it means and example sentences.
Practise this group～に違いない
～に違いない expresses strong certainty based on speaker's conviction. Stronger than だろう/はずだ. 'It must be/it’s certain that...'.
雨が降ろうが、風が吹こうが、試合は行われるに違いない。
Whether it rains or the wind blows, the match will certainly be held.
～のみならず
～のみならず means 'not only...but also...'. Very formal written form. Emphasizes addition of something equally important.
彼は才能があるのみならず、人望も厚い。
He not only has talent but is also highly respected.
～に足る
～に足る means 'to be worth.../to be sufficient for...'. With negative, means 'not worth...'. Very formal/literary.
この本は読むに足る価値もない。
This book is not worth reading.
この本は読むに足る価値がない。
This book is not worth reading.
～だけに
～だけに means 'precisely because.../all the more because...'. Emphasizes that A is the reason for B. Used when the reason is obvious.
この仕事は危険なだけに、誰もやりたがらない。
Precisely because this job is dangerous, no one wants to do it.
～でありながら
～でありながら means 'despite being.../although...'. Formal. Contrasts status with unexpected characteristic.
彼は金持ちでありながら、心が狭い。
Despite being rich, he is narrow-minded.
～だからといって
～だからといって means 'just because...doesn't mean...'. Used to deny that A necessarily leads to B.
彼は金持ちだからといって、幸せに見えるとは限らない。
Just because he is rich, it doesn't necessarily mean he looks happy.
～そうで...ない
～そうで...ない means 'contrary to appearance/although it seems...'. Expresses that reality differs from expectation.
この仕事は簡単そうで、責任が重い。
Although this job looks easy, the responsibility is heavy.
～であるにしては
～であるにしては means 'for someone who is.../considering that...'. Used when reality doesn't match what's expected from the status.
彼は医者であるにしては、言葉が冷たい。
For someone who is a doctor, his words are cold.
～たるがゆえに
～たるがゆえに means 'because of being.../due to being...'. Emphasizes that status/role is the reason. Very formal.
彼は天才たるがゆえに、常識がない。
Because of being a genius, he lacks common sense.
～ない限り
～ない限り means 'unless.../as long as...not'. Used for conditions that must be met. More emphatic than なければ.
この薬は飲まない限り、治癒は期待できない。
Unless you take this medicine, healing can't be expected.
～にあたっては
～にあたっては means 'at the time of/when...'. Used for occasions, events, or starting something important. は adds contrast/emphasis.
プロジェクトの開始にあたっては、リスク評価を徹底した。
When it comes to starting the project, we thoroughly conducted risk assessment.
～を余儀なくされる
～を余儀なくされる means to be forced or compelled to do something due to circumstances beyond one's control. It attaches to a noun (action noun) + を.
財政難のため、市は公共サービスの縮小を余儀なくされた。
Due to financial difficulties, the city was forced to reduce public services.
～んばかりに
'As if about to / looking as though one might.' Classical negative ん. Vない stem+んばかりに. Literary.
選手は疲労で倒れんばかりの状態でゴールした。
The athlete crossed the finish line as if about to collapse from exhaustion.
～ないまでも
'Even if not [fully], at least.' Acknowledges ideal not reached but affirms a lesser level. V/Adjない+まで+も.
第一志望に合格していないまでも、精いっぱい努力したことに後悔はない。
Even without passing my top-choice school, I have no regrets about doing my best.
～にもほどがある
'There's a limit to [bad behavior / excessive degree].' Expresses exasperation that something has gone too far. N/V/Adj+にもほどがある.
自分勝手にもほどがあるにもほどがある。チームの意見も聞いてほしい。
There's a limit to selfishness. I want you to also listen to the team's opinion.
～しかるべき
'Appropriate / proper / as it should be.' Used to describe what is proper or fitting given the situation. しかるべき+N, or しかるべきだ.
部長にはしかるべき対応をしていただきたい。
I would like the manager to take appropriate action.