N1 Lesson 7 of 73 · 17 words
環境・自然
Environment & Nature
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1
生物多様性せいぶつたようせい
biodiversity生物多様性
Example & memory tip
生物多様性の損失は、人類の存続にも影響する。
The loss of biodiversity affects the survival of humanity too.
Usage 生物多様性条約 is the Convention on Biological Diversity; 生物多様性の損失 is its loss. Built from 生物 and 多様性 — the latter is used on its own for diversity of any kind, including 人材の多様性.
Remember it 生物 (living things) + 多様性 (diversity) → how many different ways of being alive there are.
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2
大気汚染たいきおせん
air pollution大気汚染
Example & memory tip
都市部の大気汚染は呼吸器疾患の増加を招いている。
Air pollution in urban areas is causing a rise in respiratory disease.
Usage 大気汚染物質, PM2.5, 光化学スモッグ. 大気 is the atmosphere as a whole — 大気圏 is the atmospheric layer — where 空気 is the air you breathe in a room.
Remember it 大気 (the atmosphere) + 汚染 (pollution) → the atmosphere fouled.
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3
水質汚染すいしつおせん
water pollution水質汚染
Example & memory tip
工場からの廃水が河川の水質汚染を引き起こした。
Wastewater from the factory caused water pollution in the river.
Usage 水質汚濁 is the term used in Japanese law and reads as more formal. 水質基準 are water quality standards; 水質検査 is testing. 水質 is the quality of the water itself.
Remember it 水質 (water quality) + 汚染 (pollution) → the quality of the water fouled.
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4
土壌汚染どじょうおせん
soil contamination土壌汚染
Example & memory tip
農薬の過剰使用が土壌汚染の原因の一つだ。
Excessive pesticide use is one cause of soil contamination.
Usage 土壌汚染対策法, 重金属汚染. 土壌 is soil as a scientific medium, distinct from 土地, land as property, and 土, plain earth.
Remember it 土壌 (soil) + 汚染 (contamination) → the soil fouled.
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5
酸性雨さんせいう
acid rain酸性雨
Example & memory tip
酸性雨によって森林が枯れ、湖の生態系が破壊された。
Acid rain killed the forests and destroyed the lakes' ecosystems.
Usage Caused by 硫黄酸化物 and 窒素酸化物. 酸性 is acidic and its counterpart アルカリ性 alkaline — 酸性雨 is rain below about pH 5.6.
Remember it 酸性 (acidic) + 雨 (rain) → rain turned sour.
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6
オゾン層オゾンそう
ozone layer層
Example & memory tip
フロンガスによるオゾン層の破壊が紫外線の増加を招いた。
Destruction of the ozone layer by CFC gases led to an increase in ultraviolet radiation.
Usage オゾン層破壊, オゾンホール, フロンガス for CFCs, and モントリオール議定書 for the treaty that banned them. 紫外線 is the ultraviolet the layer blocks.
Remember it オゾン (ozone) + 層 (layer) → the layer of ozone.
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7
二酸化炭素にさんかたんそ
carbon dioxide二酸化炭素
Example & memory tip
二酸化炭素の排出量を削減することが急務だ。
Cutting carbon dioxide emissions is an urgent task.
Usage 二酸化炭素排出量 is the emission volume, often written CO₂ even in Japanese. The naming rule is systematic: 一酸化炭素 is carbon monoxide, 二酸化硫黄 sulphur dioxide.
Remember it 二 (two) + 酸化 (oxidised) + 炭素 (carbon) → carbon with two oxygens on it.
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8
温室効果ガスおんしつこうかガス
greenhouse gas温室効果
Example & memory tip
温室効果ガスの削減は国際条約で義務付けられている。
Cutting greenhouse gases is required under international treaty.
Usage 温室効果 is the greenhouse effect itself; the gases include 二酸化炭素, メタン and 一酸化二窒素. Related: カーボンニュートラル, 脱炭素.
Remember it 温室 (greenhouse: 温 warm + 室 room) + 効果 (effect) + ガス (gas) → the gas that makes the planet a warm room.
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9
省エネルギーしょうエネルギー
energy conservation省
Example & memory tip
省エネルギー対策として、LED照明への切り替えが進んでいる。
As an energy-saving measure, the switch to LED lighting is progressing.
Usage Nearly always clipped to 省エネ: 省エネ家電, 省エネ基準. The prefix 省 recurs in 省資源 and 省力化, saving resources and labour.
Remember it 省 (economise, cut back) + エネルギー (energy) → cutting the energy used.
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10
干ばつかんばつ
drought干
Example & memory tip
干ばつが続き、農作物に深刻な被害が出た。
The drought continued and did serious damage to the crops.
Usage 干ばつ被害, 干ばつが続く. Also written 旱魃. 干 carries dryness throughout: 干す to dry, 干物 dried fish, 干潮 low tide.
Remember it 干 (dry up) + ばつ, written 魃, the demon of drought in Chinese legend → the land dried to the bone.
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11
砂漠化さばくか
desertification砂漠化
Example & memory tip
過度な放牧と農地開発が砂漠化を加速させている。
Overgrazing and farmland development are accelerating desertification.
Usage 砂漠化が進む, 砂漠化防止. Distinguish 砂漠 the desert itself. The ‑化 suffix again marks a process, as in 高齢化 and 温暖化.
Remember it 砂漠 (desert: 砂 sand + 漠 vast emptiness) + 化 (‑ification) → land turning into desert.
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12
持続可能じぞくかのう
sustainable持続可能
Example & memory tip
持続可能な開発目標(SDGs)は国連が掲げる国際目標だ。
The Sustainable Development Goals are international targets set by the UN.
Usage 持続可能な開発, 持続可能性 for sustainability, and SDGs — read エスディージーズ in Japanese. 持続 alone means to keep something going: 効果が持続する.
Remember it 持続 (keep going) + 可能 (able) → able to be kept going.
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13
エコロジーエコロジー
ecology
Example & memory tip
エコロジーの観点から、プラスチック削減が求められている。
From an ecological standpoint, cutting plastic use is called for.
Usage Clipped to エコ in everyday compounds: エコバッグ, エコカー, エコ活動. The academic term for the discipline is 生態学.
Remember it エコロジー from Greek oikos (house) + logos (study) → the study of the household we all live in.
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14
環境保護かんきょうほご
environmental protection環境保護
Example & memory tip
環境保護団体が企業の不法投棄を告発した。
An environmental group exposed the company's illegal dumping.
Usage 環境保護団体, 環境保護活動. Nearby: 環境問題, 環境破壊, 自然保護. Japan's ministry is 環境省.
Remember it 環境 (environment) + 保護 (protection) → guarding the surroundings.
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15
ダイオキシンダイオキシン
dioxin
Example & memory tip
ごみの不適切な焼却からダイオキシンが発生し、深刻な汚染を引き起こした。
Improper waste incineration produced dioxins and caused serious contamination.
Usage ダイオキシン汚染, ダイオキシン類. Produced when plastics burn at too low a temperature, which is why 焼却炉 standards became a public issue in Japan in the 1990s.
Remember it ダイオキシン transliterates dioxin, named for the two oxygen atoms bridging its rings.
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16
アスベストアスベスト
asbestos
Example & memory tip
アスベストの吸入は中皮腫などの深刻な疾患を引き起こすことが知られている。
Inhaling asbestos is known to cause serious illnesses such as mesothelioma.
Usage アスベスト問題, アスベスト除去. Also called 石綿 (いしわた or せきめん) in older documents and law. Valued once for heat resistance, banned now as a carcinogen.
Remember it アスベスト from Greek asbestos, unquenchable — the fibre that would not burn.
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17
オゾン層破壊オゾンそうはかい
ozone depletion層破壊
Example & memory tip
オゾン層破壊が進むと、皮膚がんや白内障のリスクが高まる。
As ozone depletion advances, the risk of skin cancer and cataracts rises.
Usage オゾンホール for the hole over Antarctica, フロン for the CFCs that caused it, 紫外線 for the ultraviolet that gets through. 破壊 is destruction generally: 環境破壊, 破壊力.
Remember it オゾン層 (ozone layer) + 破壊 (destruction) → the shielding layer being broken apart.